吳東彥/諮商心理師
亂倫倖存者作為男性慾望的載體(註一),她們究竟要如何看待自己?理解自己?發展自己?
自從到安置機構工作後,才發現家內亂倫這件事情並不是只在電視銀幕中上演,而是實實在在地發生在我們的生活中。有時,在與這些倖存者工作的過程中,我不禁會詢問自己:「如果這些遭遇發生在我身上,我會有勇氣說出自己的經驗嗎?我敢向外求救嗎?」縱使我受過了許多年的心理諮商訓練,我知道心理師並不會因為我的遭遇而對我蔑視、嘲笑、責備,我也知道透過心理諮商可以協助我處理創傷,讓我好轉,但是,我至今還是無法篤定、有自信的對我自己的提問說出:yes。
家外性侵事件與家內亂倫事件的倖存者,雖然會有相似的創傷反應,但是兩者卻有本質上的差異。相較於家外性侵害事件,家內亂倫事件的發生通常是非暴力性的、慢性的、長期的(Morrissette, 1999)。倖存者可能是受到加害者一步一步地侵蝕、誘惑或脅迫,才慢慢地進入與加害者之間的亂倫現象。這種「家庭的失序狀態即為伴隨她/他成長的生活秩序。這些暴力行為在當下看起來一點都不具暴力性質,甚至是『正常』的。」(彭仁郁,2014,頁138)長此以往,這些倖存者的身心不斷地被「侵入」。不僅是他們的身體,連同她們的心靈不斷處在被入侵的狀態之中。
就在這個不斷被侵入的過程中,她們的自我也不斷在瓦解。她們可能不被當作「人」看待,而只是被看作一個洩慾的「工具」或「物品」(游韻馨,2018/2017)。連帶的,為了繼續存活,她們也必須學習摧毀自己的自我。既然加害者就是與自己最親近的家人,既然她們無法逃脫這個環境,她們只好學習逃離自己的靈魂與情感,讓自己麻木。只要沒有了情感,或許就可以不再那麼痛苦。然而,這個求生存的方式已經初步嚴重瓦解了她們的自我。自從抽離靈魂的那刻起,她們就不再完整。
也正由於傷害她們的就是與自己親近、靠近的家人,一旦選擇揭露自己受到侵害的事實,對她們來說,這就等同於摧毀了她的家庭。於是,對於亂倫倖存者來說,自我的現身也就等同於家庭的毀滅。然而,家庭是一個人賴以建立自我認同的根基,一旦她們的家庭破碎了,她們的自我認同似乎也同時瓦解了(彭仁郁,2014)。更糟的是,許多倖存者決定勇敢揭露自己受到家人性侵害的經驗時,家人卻因為種種因素而否認她們受到侵害的事實時,她們的自我又再度受到了重擊而碎裂不堪。
亂倫倖存者的「自我」似乎活成一個靈魂被抽離,卻又滿載著憤怒、困惑、悲傷、憂鬱的軀殼。而這個軀殼卻又同時必須是男性洩慾的工具、家庭秘密守護者,以及一個承載家庭完整或破裂與否的「罪人」。
之所以說是罪人,是因為亂倫家庭常見的家庭動力為:「在倖存者的家庭經驗裡,彷彿亂倫行為本身並非罪行,打破沉默、揭發亂倫的行動,才是觸犯禁忌、侵害家庭既有秩序的罪魁禍首。」(彭仁郁,2014,頁145)
漸漸的,她們會進入一種兩極性的發展。部分倖存者對於男性過度警覺,擔心再度受到男性的侵害,於是她們刻意迴避男性,因為男性的一言一行、一個想法、一個關心、一個要求都可能讓她們再度感受自己被侵入了。另一種倖存者可能會進入與男性的複雜的性關係當中。既然她們的身體是男性所渴求的,為了反轉被男性控制、壓迫的現象,她們反倒是利用了自己的身體,作為控制男性、利用男性的工具。就如同受到父親性侵害的日本作家山本潤也提到:
在我很想做愛的時候,不只是為了滿足性慾,我更想輕蔑男人,想將男人貶低成只有陽具的傻瓜。……藉由輕蔑別人的方式保全自己,如果不踐踏別人,我又有何價值?與其遭受侵害,身心受創,成為別人憐憫的對象,被人利用,傷痕累累,不如站在比別人更優越的地位,肆意踐踏別人,至少無須再被自己最痛的地方、被過去的受害遭遇侵蝕。
不管倖存者選擇了上述兩者中的哪一條路,她們與「男性」的關係便難以切割、難以和解。這些倖存者在無形當中,將自己也看成是一種報復男性的工具,或是將自己當作一個男性探測器,只要男性靠近時,就立刻逃跑、遠離的逃離者。她們的心靈似乎不再自由。
這些亂倫倖存者的復原之路,究竟在何處?她們可以再度如何發展出自我?她們的未來要走向何方?
不過,一旦她們選擇要找回自我,就代表她們也同時要重拾自己的靈魂與情感。在此同時,她們就必須再次經驗、面對與感受當初受到侵害時的難以言喻的苦楚與悲痛。於是,她們的自我又得要面對另一次的兩難選擇。
父母親、主要照顧者或家庭是每個人自幼培養自我,發展自我認同感的基礎與養分來源。當她們為了復原而決定切斷與「家」的連結時,我們是否能夠提更另一個根基,讓她們得以重新接地成長,並讓她們理解到,發展自我就是她們應得的權力。沒有人應該為了「發展自我」而受到懲罰。
或許,我們應該也要思考:我們的社會對於亂倫倖存者或是性侵害受害者是否友善?我們是否對她們抱有不公平的歧視、標籤、偏見或汙衊,而創造出讓她們無法安心發展自我的氛圍,例如:認為女性遭受性侵害是她們的責任,或是當女性表達自己遭受性騷擾、性猥褻或性侵害時,我們認為她們大驚小怪,甚至想要大事化小,小事化無。如果有,我們需要檢討與反思,因為受到性侵害並非受害者的責任。
註一:
亂倫倖存者並非絕對都是女性,也有許多男性受害。同理,加害者也並非全都是男性,只是這篇文章主要是男性加害者與女性倖存者的角度來撰寫。
同場加映:《走出暗夜:如何陪伴性侵害兒童》
http://winnipanpan.pixnet.net/blog/post/459906118-%E8%B5%B0%E5%87%BA%E6%9A%97%E5%A4%9C%EF%BC%9A%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%99%AA%E4%BC%B4%E6%80%A7%E4%BE%B5%E5%AE%B3%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5
走出暗夜:如何陪伴性侵害兒童
參考文獻
彭仁郁(2014)。失序的「家」:法國亂倫性侵倖存者的家庭。載於黃應貴(主編),21世紀的家,台灣的家何去何從?(頁127-167)。臺北:群學。
游韻馨(譯)(2018)。十三歲後,我不再是我:從逃避到挺身,性侵受害者的創傷修復之路(原作者:山本潤)。臺北:三采文化。(原著出版年2017)
Morrissette, P. J. (1999). Post-traumatic stress disorder in child sexual abuse: Diagnostic and treatment considerations. Child & Youth Care Forum, 28(3), 205-219.

加油,別放棄,我們的星球,是變動的,生老病死,喜怒哀樂,生命 生生不息。 知足常樂。 很多國家,現在溫度,正+40度 或 負-40度, 生 活 和 生存,非常艱辛。 --- 蘇+澳+後勤+某某部,也曾 酒後駕車,BMW,車頭全毀,引擎噴飛,人沒事,上過頭條新聞,網路可以查尋到。(上新聞) 該某某部,還發生過,特別案件,因老婆,無照駕駛,老公軍人,跑去夥同鄰居,製造假車禍,真詐保險公司,雖然後來,心裡不安,主動告知,保險公司,還是被,警方發現,移送地檢署偵辦。(沒上新聞) 不知道,今年 還是去年,某艦9+3+7,有士兵,去淡水遊玩,因薪俸較低,且薪俸運用和理財不佳,到賣場超市,偷竊一盒保險套。(就算船號記錯,內容不會錯,因為是,公開場合,全體宣導,注意事項)(沒上新聞) --- 蘇+澳,南+方+澳。 社區、營區,真糟糕。 普悠瑪出軌事件、大橋斷裂事件、海軍伊清楓事件。 --- 請強化,資訊安全,駭客已經厲害到,可以入侵手機,啟動與關閉軟件,並監視手機與盜取圖片和資料,造成用戶的錯覺,刻意制造出,手機用戶,幻想 或 精神病。 利益與衝突,攏斷與掌控。 --- 刮刮樂,上面號碼,應該以, 發型款版本,進行編碼, 後面則以,發行張數量,進行編碼。 ABC-1234567(款式-張數) 不然誰知道,到底有沒有,少印 或 多印。 --- 支持公益彩卷。有錢的話,當然會幫助需要的人。 請上架,因賠錢,而下架的,樂線九宮格,謝謝。 請20:00封盤,20:05開獎。(20:30開獎,理由是,需要計算,消售金額,騙三歲小孩喔) --- 一個、謊言、炒作、洗腦...的世界。 早就已經,沒有什麼,商品供需了,所以才會造成,大家沒什麼收入。(大家在比氣長,看誰食物多) 全世界都相同問題,所以才會打,貿易戰。(太平洋 魚獲 和 工作機會) 食物,才是真的(王道),其它都是假的! --- 經濟好壞? 大家,房貸額度用光、信貸額度用光、信用卡額度用光、商品沒供需 股票炒不起來、虛擬貨幣 假的上上下下。(負債累累) 只能說,以前買到房屋 或 擁房者,已經 還清債務的人,才是幸福的。(低房價) 以前是,(慢調生活),(農業時代),(相互競爭少),(人人有田),(人人有房),現在反過來了。 --- (洗腦兼爛權 的 學長學弟制 軍隊)槽糕到不行。 --- (玩弄人、貪汙,事件永無止息),(滅證洩責,第一名),(商業值供獻零),(只會從國庫,透過預算,拿老百姓,繳的稅收,進行揮霍) [基層工人,跟老百性相同,還比較有,供獻價值] --- Come on, don't give up, our planet is changing, with birth, old age, sickness and death, joy, anger, sorrow and joy, and life is endless. Contentment is always happy. In many countries, the current temperature is positive +40 degrees or negative -40 degrees. It is very difficult to live and survive. --- Su + Australia + logistics + XX department, also once drunk driving, BMW, the front of the car was completely destroyed, the engine was flying, people were okay, the headlines can be found on the Internet. (On the news) There have also been special cases involving his wife, unlicensed driving, husband and soldier. They went to work with neighbors, made fake car accidents, and scam the insurance company. Although later, he was uneasy, he voluntarily informed the insurance company. , The police found it and transferred it to the Prefectural Procuratorate for investigation. (Not in the news) I don't know, this year or last year, a certain ship 9+3+7, there are soldiers, go to Danshui to play, because the salary is low, and the use of salary and financial management are not good, go to the supermarket and steal a box of condoms. (Even if the ship number is wrong, the content will not be wrong, because it is, public occasions, all publicity, precautions) (not on the news) --- Su + Australia, South + Fang + Australia. The community, the camp, it's really bad. Puyuma derailment incident, bridge fracture incident, navy Yiqingfeng incident. --- Please strengthen information security. Hackers are already powerful enough to invade mobile phones, start and close software, monitor mobile phones and steal pictures and data, causing users to misunderstand, deliberately creating, mobile phone users, fantasy or mental illness. Interests and conflicts, severance and control. --- Scratch music, the number above should be, Hair style version, coded, After that, the number of issued sheets is used for coding. ABC-1234567 (style-number of sheets) Otherwise, who knows, whether there is less printing or more printing. --- Support charity rolls. If you have money, you will certainly help those in need. Please put it on the shelf, because it lost money, and it was taken off, Lexian Jiugongge, thank you. Please close the plate at 20:00 and draw at 20:05. (The lottery is drawn at 20:30, the reason is that it needs to be calculated, the amount of sales, to cheat a three-year-old child) --- A world of lies, hype, brainwashing... It has been long since, there is nothing, commodity supply and demand, that's why everyone has no income. (Everyone is getting angry, see who has more food) The world has the same problem, so it will fight a trade war. (Pacific Fish Catch and Job Opportunities) Food is real (king way), everything else is fake! --- Is the economy good or bad? Everyone, the mortgage line is used up, the credit line is used up, the credit card line is used up, there is no supply and demand for goods, stocks cannot be speculated, and virtual currencies are going up and down. (Large debts) It can only be said that those who have bought or owned a house before and who have paid off their debts are happy. (Low house price) It used to be, (slow life), (agricultural age), (less competition), (everyone has a field), (everyone has a house), but now it’s the other way around. --- (Brainwashing and ruined power of the senior schoolmate system army) Too bad. --- (Playing with people, embezzlement, the incident never ends), (Extinguish evidence and venting responsibility, the first place), (Commercial value for zero), (Only from the national treasury, through the budget, the tax paid by the people and the tax will be squandered) [Grass-roots workers are the same as Lao Bai, but they are more valuable, offering value] ---
關閉系統基哨站。 這個世界,只不過是,謊言支撐起來,當一切改變時,別期待 國家 與 政府 或 任何人的承諾,因為 生死,都隨時存在,只是人類體型放大化,且記憶裡 存在著,安全思想,比較多一些生存而已。 沒有供需,一切都是假的,只是透過 各種手段 與 職業,獲取 等值的證明,紙鈔 與 錢幣。 所以生存概論,推翻政權 或 加入集團組織。 This world is just supported by lies. When everything changes, don’t expect the promise of the state, the government or anyone, because life and death exist at any time, but the size of human beings is enlarged, and there is in memory, safety thoughts, comparisons Survive more. There is no supply and demand, everything is fake, just through various means and occupations, to obtain proof of equivalent value, banknotes and coins. So an introduction to survival, overthrow the regime or join a group organization.
一個錯誤的選擇 一個錯誤的環境 造就了 一連串 錯誤的事件 軍隊 隸屬 特殊環境 , 官員有責 解決底下問題, 否則沒資格 命令 不要只會 , 升官發財 , 滅證卸責, 受傷死亡, 都不算數, (該死的軍隊)(管理極差) [該休息 休息][該工作 工作] [很困難?] (作息時間,與外面社會,稍微不同,當然正常) (部隊管理不佳, 造成他人精神壓力問題) (部隊管理不佳 ,造成他人工作負荷過重) (部隊管理不佳,造成 軍職 約聘, 捉弄 與 陷害 他人, 永久上的紀錄遺憾) (受傷沒說,完全不算數)(內傷算自己該死) (卸責厲害的軍隊) ( 上電視、上報紙、莒光園地、女兵日記 ) (形象 洗白 第一名) A wrong choice A wrong environment Created a series of wrong events The army is in a special environment, and officials have the responsibility to solve the underlying problems, otherwise they are not qualified to order Don't just get promoted and get rich, destroy evidence and shirking responsibility, Injuries and deaths don’t count, (damn army) (very poor management) [Should take a break] [This job should work] [It’s difficult?] (The work and rest time is slightly different from the outside society, of course it is normal) (Poor management of the troops, causing mental stress to others) (Poor management of the troops, resulting in excessive workloads for others) (Poor management of the troops, resulting in military appointments, teasing and framing others, permanent record regrets) (I didn't say the injury, it doesn't count at all) (Internal injury counts as one's own damn) (Short the blame for the powerful army) (On TV, Newspaper, Juguang Garden, Female Soldier's Diary) (Image whitewashing first place)
「手機」,「虛擬網路」,[最高機密]。 --- 手機運作、虛擬網路,對人體有害。 (軟件、被動 感測器、主動 偵測器) (螢幕頻率、聲音頻率、電磁波傳輸) --- 借由,基地訓號站 、情報中心,所釋出... 螢幕視覺波頻、聲音接受波頻、監視、監聽、 包含:持續定位。「鎖定目標。」(衛星 與 基站) [已100%證實,有害。] 微能量、強能量,長期對人體有害, 必需關閉,所有的通訊,電磁波 (軟件), 只留,(電話、簡訊、瀏覽器)。 太多,不必要的 「傳輸 與 定位」 了! --- 唯一防堵 方法,全力 VPN化,讓所有的一切,非於「手機」,直接傳輸。 (不懂,如此高的風顯,為何還要發明手機) (手機,是用來傳輸,訊息,視覺圖片 和 聽覺聲音),(如果 安全無法至上,那又有何意義) (基站 與 情報站,掌控所有人),(也代表掌控, 「生」「 死」。) --- 手機 亦可偽裝成,「假 飛行模式」、「假 關機模式」, 實為 「犯罪集團」(不合法) 「政府組織」(合法)。 --- "Mobile", "Virtual Network", [Top Secret]. --- The operation of mobile phones and virtual networks are harmful to the human body. (Software, passive sensors, active detectors) (Screen frequency, sound frequency, electromagnetic wave transmission) --- By the way, the base training station, the intelligence center, released... Screen visual wave frequency, sound receiving wave frequency, monitoring, monitoring, Contains: continuous positioning. "Fix the target." (Satellite and base station) [It has been 100% proven to be harmful. ] Micro energy, strong energy, long-term harmful to the human body, Must be closed, all communications, electromagnetic waves (software), Just stay, (phone, text, browser). Too many, unnecessary "transmission and positioning"! --- The only anti-blocking method is to fully VPN, so that everything is transmitted directly from the "mobile phone". (I don’t understand, why the mobile phone was invented after such a high profile) (Mobile phones are used for transmission, messages, visual pictures, and auditory sounds), (if safety is not the highest priority, what's the point) (The base station and the intelligence station control everyone), (also means control, "life" and "death.") --- Mobile phones can also be disguised as "fake flight mode", "fake shutdown mode", Actually "Criminal group" (illegal) "Government Organization" (legal). ---